Yes. U.S. taxpayers generally have to report taxable gambling winnings even when the winnings are paid in Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT, or another digital asset—and even when the gambling operator never sends a Form W-2G. Crypto makes the recordkeeping more complicated because two tax systems can overlap. There is the gambling side, where winnings and allowable losses are reported, and the digital-asset side, where selling, swapping, spending, or otherwise disposing of cryptocurrency may create a separate capital gain or loss. There is another major change for 2026: federal law now limits the wagering-loss deduction to 90% of wagering losses, and only to the extent of wagering gains. That can create taxable gambling income even when someone’s economic wins and losses appear to break even. This guide explains the federal framework and, just as importantly, how to build records that can support the numbers reported on a tax return. Important: This is general educational information, not individualized tax or legal advice. State and local tax rules can differ, professional-gambler status is fact-specific, and taxpayers should use the final IRS forms and instructions applicable when they file. Key Takeaways Issue General Federal Treatment Crypto gambling winnings Generally taxable gambling income No W-2G received Winnings can still be reportable Value of crypto winnings Record fair market value in U.S. dollars 2026 gambling losses Deduction generally limited to the lesser of 90% of wagering losses or wagering gains Casual gambler losses Generally require itemizing deductions Selling won crypto later May create a separate capital gain or loss Swapping one crypto for another Can be a digital-asset disposition Moving crypto between wallets you own Generally a transfer rather than a sale, but preserve records proving ownership Using crypto to fund wagers Requires careful transaction-level analysis; specific IRS guidance on every crypto wager is limited Casino or sportsbook records Should be reconciled with wallet and exchange records 1099-DA May document certain broker digital-asset transactions but does not replace gambling records How Are Crypto Gambling Winnings Taxed in the U.S.? The starting rule is straightforward: gambling winnings are taxable income. IRS guidance tells taxpayers to report gambling winnings even if the payer did not issue a Form W-2G. Noncash prizes are generally valued at fair market value, which is why cryptocurrency winnings need a U.S.-dollar value. Suppose a player receives a crypto gambling winning worth $2,500 when it becomes available to them. The relevant gambling-income figure is generally the dollar value of that winning at the applicable time—not merely whatever the crypto is worth months later when the player sells it. The important point is that withdrawing to a bank is not what determines whether the original gambling winning was income. That distinction matters particularly with cryptocurrency because the token can continue moving in value after the gambling event. Crypto Gambling Can Involve Two Different Tax Calculations A clean way to understand crypto gambling taxes is to keep the gambling calculation separate from the cryptocurrency calculation. 1. The gambling calculation This deals with: 2. The digital-asset calculation This deals with: The IRS treats digital assets as property, not U.S. currency. A later sale or exchange can therefore produce a capital gain or loss depending on the asset’s basis and value when disposed of. Keeping these calculations separate prevents one of the most common mistakes in crypto gambling records: treating a gambling loss and a cryptocurrency capital loss as though they were the same thing. They are not. When Can Crypto Gambling Create a Tax Event? Crypto gambling activity can contain several different transaction types. They should not automatically be classified the same way. Receiving a gambling winning in cryptocurrency A gambling winning paid in cryptocurrency generally needs to be recorded in U.S. dollars. The value used for income reporting also becomes highly important for establishing the crypto’s tax basis. For example, if a player receives cryptocurrency worth $4,000 as taxable gambling income, $4,000 generally becomes the starting basis for analyzing a later disposition of those particular assets. Selling the crypto later Assume that crypto later sells for $4,700. Ignoring fees and other adjustments, the later crypto transaction would potentially create a $700 capital gain: $4,700 sale proceeds – $4,000 basis = $700 gain The original $4,000 gambling income does not disappear. The $700 is a separate digital-asset gain. If the token instead sells for $3,500, the subsequent transaction may create a $500 capital loss, again separate from the gambling result. Swapping the winning into another cryptocurrency Exchanging one digital asset for another can also be a taxable disposition under the IRS digital-asset property framework. A player who receives Bitcoin and later swaps it for USDT should therefore not assume that nothing happened for tax purposes simply because no dollars reached a bank account. Moving crypto between wallets A transfer between wallets or accounts controlled by the same taxpayer generally should not be confused with a sale or exchange. The practical problem is proof. If Wallet A sends 0.1 BTC to Wallet B and both belong to the taxpayer, the records should identify the transfer as an own-wallet transfer. Otherwise, imported tax software may interpret the outbound transaction as an unknown disposal and the receiving transaction as newly acquired crypto. Keep both wallet addresses, TXIDs, dates, amounts and any network fees. Is Every Crypto Wager Automatically a Taxable Disposal? This is an area where tax articles sometimes sound more certain than the published IRS guidance supports. The IRS clearly says digital assets are property and provides rules for recognizing gain or loss when digital assets are sold, exchanged, or used in transactions. Some crypto-tax practitioners therefore treat the use of appreciated cryptocurrency to make a wager as a separate property disposition. That interpretation can be material. Suppose someone originally bought cryptocurrency for $2,000 and later uses it in a transaction when it is worth $3,000. Depending on the legal and economic mechanics of that transaction, there could be a $1,000 property gain in addition to whatever happens on the gambling side. However, the IRS has not published a

A state-regulated online casino and an offshore crypto casino can offer many of the same games, but they operate under fundamentally different regulatory relationships with a U.S. player. A state-regulated casino is authorized by the gaming regulator in the state where the wager is legally accepted. An offshore crypto casino operates outside the United States and may hold a foreign gambling license, but that foreign license does not automatically authorize the site to offer online casino gaming in any particular U.S. state. Crypto does not change that distinction. A casino accepting Bitcoin, Ethereum or USDT is simply using a different payment rail. Calling a site a USDT casino tells you something about its cashier; it does not tell you whether a U.S. regulator has approved it. That is the most important point to understand before comparing bonuses, games, KYC policies or withdrawal speeds. State-Regulated vs Offshore Crypto Casinos at a Glance Feature State-Regulated U.S. Online Casino Offshore Crypto Casino Primary authorization U.S. state regulator Foreign jurisdiction, if licensed U.S. state legality Operates under authorization in the relevant state Foreign license alone does not establish it Physical-location controls Required under applicable state framework Operator-dependent Identity/age verification Formal regulatory controls Varies by operator and foreign licensing regime USDT/crypto support Depends on state and operator Often a major payment feature Game approval State-regulatory framework Foreign regulator/provider/operator framework Player complaint route State regulator generally provides formal route Operator, foreign regulator or ADR depending on jurisdiction Responsible-gambling controls State-mandated framework Depends on license and operator Self-exclusion integration State/local system where applicable Usually operator or foreign-jurisdiction based Withdrawal rules Subject to state-regulated operator terms Subject to operator and foreign-license terms Legal recourse U.S. state regulatory system Potentially foreign jurisdiction or ADR Cryptocurrency risk Usually limited if crypto is not used Wrong-chain transfers, custody and digital-asset risks can apply The comparison is therefore not simply traditional banking versus cryptocurrency. It is primarily a comparison of regulatory jurisdiction, accountability and recourse. What Is a State-Regulated Online Casino? A state-regulated online casino is an operator authorized to offer internet casino gaming under the laws and regulatory framework of a particular U.S. state. A reliable way to establish that status is not to trust a logo in the casino footer, but to check the regulator’s official operator list. For example, thePennsylvania Gaming Control Board’s licensed-operator directory specifically tells users to verify that an online gaming site is PGCB-regulated before wagering. Michigan follows a similar model. Its Gaming Control Board publishes the legal internet-gaming websites authorized in the state and explains that gambling is generally prohibited unless specifically authorized by state law. Federal law also reflects the importance of state authorization. Under the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act framework, “unlawful Internet gambling” depends on whether the underlying wager is unlawful under applicable federal or state law. The statutory intrastate provisions contemplate state rules that include age and location verification designed to block minors and people outside the authorized state. That is why state-authorized U.S. online casino apps verify more than a payment method: they must establish that a wager is being accepted under the appropriate state framework. Which States Have Live State-Regulated Online Casinos in 2026? As of August 18, 2026, seven states have live full-scale state-regulated iCasino markets: The American Gaming Association reported that these seven markets generated approximately $10.73 billion in iGaming revenue during 2025, up 27.6% from the previous year. The AGA is an industry trade association rather than a government regulator, but its State of the States reporting provides a useful nationwide market snapshot. What About Maine? Maine is the important 2026 exception. Public Law 2025, Chapter 538 became law without the governor’s signature on January 11, 2026, and created a framework allowing eligible Wabanaki Nations to operate internet gaming under licensing by the Maine Gambling Control Unit. However, legalization of a framework is not the same thing as a live market. The Maine Gambling Control Unit currently states that internet-gaming applications are available for applicants to prepare but are not yet being accepted, with the submission date still to be announced. For that reason, Maine should be described as authorized by law but not yet live, rather than being added to the seven operating iCasino states. This distinction matters because some current comparison pages already count Maine alongside active state-regulated casino markets even though operators have not yet completed the licensing process. What Is an Offshore Crypto Casino? An offshore crypto casino is an online gambling operator based outside the United States that accepts cryptocurrency as one or more of its payment methods. Some offshore casinos are licensed by foreign gambling authorities. Others may have weaker forms of corporate registration, and some may have no meaningful gambling authorization at all. Those categories should not be mixed together. For example, Curaçao now regulates online gaming under its National Ordinance on Games of Chance, and the Curaçao Gaming Authority describes itself as responsible for online-gaming licensing and AML/CFT supervision. Anjouan is more complicated. The Anjouan Gaming website publishes a searchable register that lists company names, licence numbers, operational domains, B2C/B2B types and status. However, the legal status of that licensing framework is disputed. A 2024 GIABA mutual evaluation endorsed by the FATF states that gambling and games of chance are prohibited in the Union of the Comoros under Article 201 and related provisions. An Anjouan register entry therefore should not be presented as equivalent to an uncontested national gambling authorization. In any case, neither a Curaçao license nor an Anjouan register entry is a Michigan, Pennsylvania, New Jersey or other U.S. state gaming license. The site’s crypto casino licensing guide explains this distinction in more detail and recommends checking state authorization before evaluating any foreign license. A Foreign License Does Not Equal U.S. State Authorization This is where much offshore-casino content becomes misleading. A casino can truthfully say: Licensed by a foreign gaming authority. while it is also true that: The casino is not authorized by the gaming regulator in the U.S. state where a player is

A crypto casino license should be verified by matching seven separate facts: A badge in the footer is not enough. The safest process is to copy the operator and license details from the casino’s footer and Terms, open the regulator’s official register independently, and compare the company, license status, domain and B2C scope. If the official record does not list the domain being used—or the Terms name a different company—the licensing claim is incomplete until the mismatch is explained. A valid offshore license also does not make a crypto casino legal throughout the United States. US online-casino authorization is state-specific, and only seven states operated lawful online-casino markets during 2025. Crypto casino license verification at a glance Check Pass condition Warning condition Legal operator Same company appears in footer, Terms and official record Different or missing companies License number Exact number appears in regulator record Number cannot be found Status Active, licensed or current Suspended, revoked, surrendered, expired or unclear Domain Exact casino domain is approved Different brand or domain appears License type B2C or player-facing authorization B2B or software-only authorization Product scope Casino activity is covered Only sports, poker, supplier or another activity Complaint path Regulator or ADR route is clearly stated Support is the only route KYC policy Document triggers are disclosed “No KYC ever” conflicts with Terms Withdrawal rules Limits, fees and reviews are published Rules appear only after a win Crypto network Supported coin and chain are identified Vague “USDT accepted” wording Responsible gambling Limits and self-exclusion are accessible Tools are missing US eligibility State authorization or lawful eligibility is confirmed “US friendly” is the only evidence What a crypto casino license can tell you A useful register record may establish: For example, the MGA register can be searched by licensee name, status, URL or gaming service, while its dynamic seals provide additional authorization details. The Isle of Man GSC’s register lists the license holder, status, valid-from information, license type and website where relevant. Its current register was last updated on July 8, 2026. What a license cannot guarantee A license does not guarantee: Anjouan’s own public-register page explicitly states that verification confirms the license and status but does not endorse the holder’s services, products or business practices. Offshore licensing and US authorization are different checks A crypto casino may hold a valid foreign license and still lack authorization from a US state regulator. For a US reader, verification should happen in this order: Pennsylvania’s Gaming Control Board instructs players to verify sites against its regulated interactive-gaming operator list. Its licensed-operator documents identify certificate holders, operators and authorized websites. A platform being accessible from a US IP address, accepting a US phone number or using the phrase crypto casino USA does not establish state authorization. Readers comparing market types can use the site’s broader crypto casino USA guide, but a state regulator remains the controlling source for authorization. Step 1: Identify what type of platform it is Before checking a license, determine what the website is actually offering. It may be: These models use different legal, payment and dispute structures. A sweepstakes casino should not be verified as though it were an ordinary offshore real-money casino. A software provider should not be treated as the operator holding player balances. Step 2: Record the exact domain before checking anything else Copy the casino URL exactly as it appears in the browser. Record: Small changes matter: The FBI warns that spoofed domains commonly use alternate spellings or different top-level domains to impersonate legitimate websites. Do not assume the top paid search result is authentic. FBI and FTC guidance recommends accessing known official websites directly and checking destination URLs carefully because fraudulent advertisements and search results can imitate legitimate companies. Step 3: Inspect the casino footer Look for: A strong footer A useful footer might state: The website is operated by Example N.V., company number 123456, under B2C gaming license OGL/2025/000/0000. The seal should open an official regulator-hosted certificate that lists the same company and domain. A weak footer Examples include: A footer is the starting point, not the final proof. Step 4: Compare the footer with the Terms and Conditions Open the Terms and search for: The legal operator in the Terms should match the company in the official register. Treat these mismatches as serious White-label arrangements can involve several companies, so a mismatch is not automatic proof of fraud. It does require a clear explanation of which company accepts deposits, operates the games and owes the player’s balance. Step 5: open the official regulator register independently Do not rely solely on the certificate link provided by the casino. A safer method is: This reduces the risk of following a copied or spoofed certificate link. Official verification routes covered in this guide Jurisdiction Public verification method Main information available Malta MGA Licensee Register and Dynamic Seal Licensee, status, authorization, URLs, gaming service and additional details Isle of Man GSC Online Gambling Licensee Register Company, status, validity, OGRA license type and website Curaçao CGA dynamic seal and Certificate of Operation Operator, approved domain, license number and current status Anjouan Public register search Company, number, B2C/B2B type and current status US state market State regulator operator or website list State-authorized operator and approved website Costa Rica Corporate, tax and municipal evidence Business structure; not an equivalent remote-casino register Official sources support the verification methods above. Step 6: Check the current license status Common statuses include: Only a current authorization should be treated as active evidence. A casino may continue displaying an old badge after a license is surrendered or cancelled. The Isle of Man GSC maintains both current and former-license-holder pages, while the MGA separately publishes enforcement information. Provisional does not mean final A provisional license may authorize limited or transitional activity under specific conditions. Do not rewrite “provisional” as “fully licensed.” Suspended means stop A suspended license should not be treated as active simply because the casino remains reachable. Step 7: Match the exact approved domain This is

A crypto casino withdrawal usually remains pending for one of four broad reasons: the casino has not approved it, an account or bonus condition is unresolved, the payment has been broadcast but is waiting for blockchain confirmation, or the receiving wallet has not credited it. The quickest way to identify the problem is to ask one question: Has the casino provided a valid transaction ID, or TXID? A TXID is the blockchain record created when an on-chain payment is broadcast. When no TXID exists, the withdrawal is normally still inside the casino’s payment system. When a valid TXID exists, the payment can be checked independently on the relevant blockchain explorer. There are exceptions. Lightning Network payments may use an invoice or payment hash rather than a conventional on-chain TXID, and a custodial wallet may process some transfers internally. For a standard Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Tron or stablecoin withdrawal, however, the transaction hash is the clearest dividing line between casino processing and network settlement. Quick diagnosis: where is the withdrawal stuck? What you see Most likely stage What it usually means Best next action Pending or under review, with no TXID Casino processing The payment has not been publicly broadcast Check KYC, bonus and withdrawal rules; request a status and estimated review time Approved, but no TXID Casino payment queue Approval may be complete, but the transaction has not yet been sent Ask when it will be broadcast and whether withdrawals are being batched Valid TXID with zero confirmations Blockchain network The transaction is in a pending transaction pool or has not been widely accepted Check the fee, network status and whether the sender can increase the fee Valid TXID with confirmations Receiving-wallet stage The blockchain has processed the transfer Confirm the correct network, address, memo and wallet crediting requirements Rejected or returned to balance Casino rules or account issue A condition was not met or the payment failed before broadcast Read the rejection reason and compare it with the published terms Completed in the casino, but TXID cannot be found Incorrect hash, wrong network or unsupported transfer type The supplied information may not correspond to a public transaction Confirm the asset, blockchain and transaction identifier with support How a crypto casino withdrawal actually works A withdrawal is not one single transaction. It is a sequence of separate stages. Stage 1: The casino creates a withdrawal request When the withdrawal button is pressed, the casino usually records: At this point, no blockchain transaction necessarily exists. Stage 2: The casino reviews and approves the request Depending on the operator and account, this stage may include: FATF guidance expects regulated virtual-asset service providers to apply risk-based customer due diligence, record keeping and suspicious-transaction controls. U.S. casinos covered by the Bank Secrecy Act must also maintain risk-based compliance programs, although the exact legal obligations of an offshore online casino depend on its licensing and operating jurisdictions. Stage 3: The casino broadcasts the payment After approval, the casino or its payment processor creates and sends the blockchain transaction. This is normally when the TXID becomes available. Before this stage, blockchain congestion cannot be the direct cause of an on-chain delay because no public transaction has entered the network. Stage 4: The network confirms it and the wallet credits it Validators or miners place the transaction in a block. The receiving wallet may then require a certain number of confirmations before showing the funds as available. On Bitcoin, transaction fees reflect demand for limited block space, and miners may choose which transactions to include. Bitcoin’s developer documentation says a sufficiently funded transaction averages about ten minutes for its first confirmation, but a low fee or unusual transaction can take considerably longer. Ethereum transactions also pay network fees. The amount offered as a priority fee can affect inclusion, while the base fee changes with network demand. The receiving wallet or exchange may apply its own confirmation threshold and account checks after the blockchain has processed the payment. 10 common reasons a crypto casino withdrawal stays pending 1. The withdrawal is waiting in the casino’s processing queue A status such as pending, requested, processing or under review often means the casino has received the request but has not yet released the cryptocurrency. Possible reasons include: The casino’s processing time and the blockchain’s settlement time are separate. An operator can spend many hours reviewing a request even when the selected blockchain would deliver the payment quickly after broadcast. Look for the casino’s published timeframe in its cashier, payment policy or terms. An advertised “instant withdrawal” may describe only what happens after approval rather than the complete request-to-wallet period. For more context on that distinction, see the guide to instant withdrawal crypto casinos. 2. KYC documents are required KYC means Know Your Customer. A casino may use it to verify identity, age, address, account ownership or payment information. A document request may be triggered by: A casino that did not request ID during registration may still reserve the right to request it later. “No KYC at sign-up” and “documents can never be requested” are not necessarily the same policy. Check: Submit documents only through the casino’s official secure channel. Do not send identification to a social-media account, unofficial messaging contact or an unknown support address. The site’s guide to no KYC crypto casinos can be used as contextual internal reading, but the operator’s current terms remain the controlling source for a particular account. 3. A bonus wagering requirement has not been completed An active welcome bonus, reload offer, free-spin reward, cashback promotion or no-deposit bonus may restrict withdrawals. Relevant terms can include: For example, a 40x requirement has very different consequences depending on its basis: A withdrawal submitted too early may be held, rejected, returned to the balance or processed only after the bonus is canceled. The exact outcome depends on the published promotion terms. Review the site’s explanation of crypto casino bonus terms alongside the live terms of the actual promotion. 4. A maximum-bet or excluded-game rule was

A no-KYC crypto casino can still request identity verification if its terms allow risk-based, conditional or enhanced checks. “No-KYC” usually means documents are not routinely required when an account is opened. It does not necessarily mean the casino has permanently waived its right to verify age, identity, location, payment ownership or source of funds. An anonymous crypto casino would need to minimize every link between the account and a real person—not just remove the passport upload. That includes registration information, IP and device data, wallet history, payment-provider records and customer-support interactions. The practical conclusion is straightforward: no-KYC describes a process; anonymity describes an outcome. A casino may offer no-document registration while still collecting enough technical and transaction data to identify risk, link accounts or trigger a later review. U.S. reader note: Online casino legality and authorized operators vary by state. An offshore site accepting a registration does not prove that it is authorized by the player’s state regulator. This article is informational and does not provide legal or tax advice. The American Gaming Association’s 2026 reporting shows that legal iGaming remains limited to a relatively small number of state markets. Key Takeaways ●     No-KYC is not the same as no monitoring. Casinos can analyze wallet activity, transaction patterns, devices, IP addresses and account behavior without requesting an ID at registration. ●     Verification is commonly risk-based. A withdrawal, cumulative transaction threshold, unusual wallet exposure, location conflict or account-security event may escalate the account. ●     There is no universal KYC-free withdrawal amount. Thresholds differ by operator, license, risk rating, payment method and account history. ●     Bitcoin and most public-chain payments are traceable at the wallet level. Not providing a name does not erase the transaction record. ●     Do not split payments to stay below a suspected threshold. Deliberately structuring virtual-asset transactions below monitoring limits is itself recognized as a financial-crime red flag. ●     Read the withdrawal and verification terms before depositing. Marketing language is less important than the operator’s binding terms and license conditions. No-KYC vs Anonymous Crypto Casinos: Quick Comparison Feature No-KYC casino Anonymous crypto casino Conditional-KYC casino ID required at signup Usually no No Usually no Email or username Often required May be optional Usually required Wallet-only login Sometimes Common Sometimes IP and device monitoring Usually possible Still possible unless technically prevented Usually used Wallet screening Possible Possible Common Later document request Depends on terms Ideally rare, but may still be legally required Explicitly reserved Verification at withdrawal May occur Depends on policy and license Common after a trigger Practical anonymity Low to moderate Potentially higher Low to moderate Best description No routine upfront documents Minimal identity links across the full journey Documents requested only after risk conditions appear What Does “No-KYC” Actually Mean? KYC stands for Know Your Customer. In online gambling, it normally refers to collecting and verifying information such as a player’s name, date of birth, address and government-issued identification. A no-KYC casino generally removes or delays that document stage. Registration may require only: ●     An email address. ●     A username and password. ●     A Telegram or social account. ●     A connected cryptocurrency wallet. ●     A wallet signature proving control of an address. That reduced-friction registration can be valuable to privacy-conscious users, but the phrase no-KYC has no single universal meaning. Depending on the operator, it can mean: 1.    No documents at account creation. 2.    No documents for ordinary crypto deposits. 3.    No routine documents below internal risk limits. 4.    No documents unless an AML, security or fraud alert occurs. 5.    No documents for most players, with verification reserved in the terms. 6.    Wallet-only registration but continued IP, device and transaction monitoring. The binding definition is therefore found in the operator’s terms, privacy policy, AML policy and withdrawal rules—not in a banner that simply says “no verification.” What Makes a Crypto Casino Anonymous? Anonymity is broader than document collection. A casino account becomes less anonymous whenever information can connect its activity to a person, household, organization or previously identified wallet. Potential links include: ●     A personal email address. ●     A verified Telegram or social-media account. ●     A cryptocurrency purchased through a KYC-verified exchange. ●     Reused wallet addresses. ●     A home or workplace IP address. ●     Device fingerprints. ●     Browser configuration. ●     A phone number. ●     Card, bank or e-wallet payments. ●     Support messages containing personal information. ●     Identification previously supplied to another brand operated by the same group. For that reason, a wallet-only casino can provide greater privacy without making the user invisible. Public blockchain information can also be screened before or during a transaction. OFAC recommends risk-based controls for virtual-currency businesses that can include customer, transaction, IP and wallet-address screening. Commercial blockchain tools can assign risk scores based on direct or indirect links to sanctions, scams, mixers, stolen funds and other flagged activity. A Practical Five-Level Privacy Scale Level 1: Full document KYC The operator verifies personal information and government-issued documents before meaningful account use or withdrawal. This offers the least anonymity but may provide stronger access to a regulated complaint and consumer-protection process. Level 2: No documents at signup The player registers with an email or username. Documents are not required immediately, but the terms permit later verification. This is one of the most common meanings of no-KYC. Level 3: Conditional or risk-based KYC The account can deposit and play without documents. Verification appears only after a defined event or elevated risk score. Possible events include a first withdrawal, cumulative transaction limit, unusual login, wallet-risk alert or bonus-abuse investigation. Level 4: Wallet-only access A wallet address and cryptographic signature replace the ordinary account form. This reduces registration data but does not prevent wallet screening, blockchain tracing, IP logging or device analysis. Level 5: Decentralized